IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) is a functional GI disorder characterized by recurring abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits without visible inflammation or structural damage to the bowel. IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) — which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis — involves chronic inflammation of the digestive tract that can be seen and confirmed through diagnostic testing. IBD is considered a more serious condition and typically requires ongoing medical management.

Common symptoms of IBS include recurring abdominal cramping or pain, bloating, gas, diarrhea, constipation, or alternating episodes of both. Symptoms are often triggered by certain foods, stress, or hormonal changes. While IBS does not cause permanent damage to the bowel, it can significantly affect quality of life.

There is no single test for IBS. Diagnosis is typically made based on a thorough review of symptoms, medical history, and physical examination, often using the Rome IV diagnostic criteria. Your gastroenterologist may also order tests to rule out other conditions such as celiac disease, IBD, or infection before confirming an IBS diagnosis.

There is currently no cure for Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, but both conditions can be effectively managed with the right treatment plan. Options include medications (aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, biologics), dietary management, and in some cases surgery. With proper management, most patients with IBD can achieve long periods of remission and a good quality of life.